Cost allocation rules for elastic single‐attribute situations

Many cooperative games, especially ones stemming from resource pooling in queueing or inventory systems, are based on situations in which each player is associated with a single attribute (a real number representing, say, a demand) and in which the cost to optimally serve any sum of attributes is described by an elastic function (which means that the per‐demand cost is non‐increasing in the total demand served). For this class of situations, we introduce and analyze several cost allocation rules: the proportional rule, the serial cost sharing rule, the benefit‐proportional rule, and various Shapley‐esque rules. We study their appeal with regard to fairness criteria such as coalitional rationality, benefit ordering, and relaxations thereof. After showing the impossibility of combining coalitional rationality and benefit ordering, we show for each of the cost allocation rules which fairness criteria it satisfies. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 64: 271–286, 2017     

Probabilistic resource pooling games

We study a setting with a single type of resource and with several players, each associated with a single resource (of this type). Unavailability of these resources comes unexpectedly and with player‐specific costs. Players can cooperate by reallocating the available resources to the ones that need the resources most and let those who suffer the least absorb all the costs. We address the cost savings allocation problem with concepts of cooperative game theory. In particular, we formulate a probabilistic resource pooling game and study them on various properties. We show that these games are not necessarily convex, do have non‐empty cores, and are totally balanced. The latter two are shown via an interesting relationship with Böhm‐Bawerk horse market games. Next, we present an intuitive class of allocation rules for which the resulting allocations are core members and study an allocation rule within this class of allocation rules with an appealing fairness property. Finally, we show that our results can be applied to a spare parts pooling situation.     

北斗卫星伪距信号质量评估及偏差校正

针对北斗卫星信号存在系统性伪距偏差的问题,从多路径角度评估北斗三频信号的质量,验证了该项偏差与卫星轨道类型、卫星仰角及信号频率有关。为消除这一系统性偏差的影响,采用连续分段线性函数建立北斗三频伪距偏差校正模型。与现有的改正模型所不同,所提模型不仅采用了更长时间范围内的北斗实测数据,更为重要的是它顾及了改正数的精度信息。基于动态精密单点定位的实验结果表明,采用所提方法修正后,接收机定位性能有明显提升。     

利用支持向量机的矢量跟踪通道故障检测算法

为了克服卫星导航矢量跟踪接收机中故障通道对其他正常通道的影响,提高矢量跟踪接收机的鲁棒性,提出一种利用支持向量机的通道故障检测算法,利用矢量跟踪接收机的导航滤波器的新息序列作为支持向量机的输入。支持向量机的输出为通道的状态,根据支持向量机的输出通道的状态来判断该通道是否纳入导航滤波器,用来跟踪滤波器状态值,这样能够有效地避免故障通道对导航结果的污染。仿真实验结果表明:该方法能准确地检测出有故障的通道,提高矢量跟踪环路的鲁棒性。     

应用于卫星导航功率倒置阵的改进LMS算法*

采用功率倒置准则的自适应天线阵特别适合于弱信号、强干扰的场合,因而在卫星导航系统中得到了广泛的应用。针对基于最小均方误差(LMS)算法实现的卫星导航功率倒置阵在干扰数目或干扰功率突然减少时,算法收敛慢、影响信号接收性能的问题,分析了这一现象的产生机理,并提出了相应的改进算法。改进算法通过功率监测来检测干扰数目或干扰功率的突变,然后对LMS算法进行复位处理重置权值来达到迅速收敛的目的。仿真结果表明,与原算法相比,改进算法可显著提高功率倒置阵的收敛速度。     

基于遗传算法舰船装载码头配置方案优化

两栖输送舰船码头装载过程中,如何科学配置装载码头,使得整个装载任务完成时间最短是部队制定装载方案需要解决的重要难题。依据码头装载配置特点和要求,运用军事运筹学多目标规划理论构建装载码头配置规划模型,并运用遗传算法理论和计算机编程工具实现码头配置规划模型的优化解算。从而提高了部队两栖输送舰船码头装载方案制定的科学性和时效性。     

The resource-conflict debate revisited: Untangling the case of farmer–herdsman clashes in the North Central region of Nigeria

The resource debate is easily discerned as part of the ongoing history of farmer–herdsman conflict in the North Central region of Nigeria. Scarcity theorists are adept at linking scarcity with the onset of livelihood conflict while on the other hand resource abundance pundits insist it is profusion and not scarcity that impels conflict. This article traverses these wrangles and proceeds to downplay the resource polemic altogether. It is proposed that the resource debate, despite its profoundness, presents a narrow reading of farmer–herdsman clashes in Nigeria’s North Central region. It is suggested that a number of other factors, including elite land grabbing, ethno-religious identity construction, weak state capabilities, the citizenship question, corrupt traditional institutions, the lack of an effective land tenure system and a widespread culture of impunity, make for better readings of the conflict. Owing to the negative impacts of the conflict on state and society, it is recommended that the state in Nigeria should commit itself to addressing the citizenship question, strengthening the capabilities of security institutions, extirpating the culture of impunity and revaluing its policy on land redistribution.     

Budget allocation,national security,military intelligence,and human capital: a dynamic model

This study develops a dynamic model that integrates military intelligence into the defense capability of the country and the optimal allocation of its government budget. We assert that the effectiveness of the country’s military intelligence is contingent on the quality of its human capital, which, in turn, implies a long-term positive relationship between the government’s various civilian expenditures and its capacity to achieve a cost-effective intelligence and, hence, military capability. This relationship is developed within a multiple-period arms race model between two rivals. Using this model and stylized data for the Israeli–Syrian arms race, we show that an appropriate budget shift from defense to civilian expenditures during the initial periods of the planning horizon will gradually (over a decade, say) increase the quality of human capital in the country and, thus, the effectiveness of its intelligence, which, in turn, will increase the country’s future security and welfare.     

Resource rents,institutions, and violent civil conflicts

Natural resources have been blamed for inducing slow growth and sparking civil conflicts and violence. This paper first develops a model to account for the hazard of armed civil conflicts as a manifestation of the natural resource curse, which is mediated by the quality of both economic and political institutions. We then use recently published data on institutional quality and natural resource rents to measure the potential impact of the resource curse on violent civil conflicts using a panel of data for over 100 countries in the period 1970–2010. Our model explicitly accounts for the role of good economic and political institutions in deterring the recourse to violence as well as the extent to which they might weaken the resource rents effect.     

改进遗传算法求解电力网攻击无人机分队任务分配

遗传算法因其出色的寻优能力,自提出后就被广泛用于工程技术上的最优化问题求解。根据电力网攻击无人机分队任务分配的实际需要,提出基于遗传算法思想的解决方案,并在原算法基础上,采用种群分组进化的策略进行改进。详细介绍算法的基本原理和仿真步骤,再举出实际算例进行仿真,实验结果证明算法的改进取得了良好效果。